• Study Group on Death Rates at High CD4 Count in Antiretroviral Naive Patients, Rebecca K Lodwick, Caroline A Sabin, Kholoud Porter, Bruno Ledergerber, Ard van Sighem, Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri, Pavel Khaykin, Amanda Mocroft, Lisa Jacobson, Stephane De Wit, Niels Obel, Antonella Castagna, Jan-Christian Wasmuth, John Gill, Marina B Klein, Stephen Gange, Melchor Riera, Cristina Mussini, Félix Gutiérrez, Giota Touloumi, Patrizia Carrieri, Jodie L Guest, Norbert H Brockmeyer, and Andrew N Phillips.
• HIV Epidemiology and Biostatistics Group, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, UK. r.lodwick@ucl.ac.uk
• Lancet. 2010 Jul 31; 376 (9738): 340-5.

BackgroundWhether people living with HIV who have not received antiretroviral therapy (ART) and have high CD4 cell counts have higher mortality than the general population is unknown. We aimed to examine this by analysis of pooled data from industrialised countries.MethodsWe merged data on demographics, CD4 cell counts, viral-load measurements, hepatitis C co-infection status, smoking status, date of death, and whether death was AIDS-related or not from 23 European and North American cohorts. We calculated standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) standardised by age, sex, and year, stratifying by risk group. Data were included for patients aged 20-59 years who had at least one CD4 count greater than 350 cells per microL while ART naive. All pre-ART CD4 counts greater than 350 cells per microL from January, 1990, to December, 2004, were included. We investigated mortality for four risk groups--men who have sex with men, heterosexual people, injecting drug users, and those at other or unknown risk. The association between CD4 cell count and death rate was investigated by use of Poisson regression methods.FindingsData were analysed for 40,830 patients contributing 80,682 person-years of follow-up. Of 419 deaths, 401 were used in the SMR analysis: 100 men who have sex with men (SMR 1.30, 95% CI 1.06-1.58); 68 heterosexual people (2.94, 2.28-3.73); 203 injecting drug users (9.37, 8.13-10.75); and 30 in the other or unknown risk category (4.57, 3.09-6.53). Compared with CD4 counts of 350-499 cells per microL, death rate was lower in patients with counts of 500-699 cells per microL (adjusted rate ratio 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.95) and counts of 700 cells per microL (0.66, 0.52-0.85).InterpretationIn HIV-infected ART-naive patients with high CD4 cell counts, death rates were raised compared with the general population. In men who have sex with men this was modest, suggesting that a substantial proportion of the increased risk in other groups is due to confounding by other factors. Even though the increased risk is small, new studies of potential benefits of ART in this group are merited.FundingEuropean Commission, FP6. European AIDS Treatment Network (NEAT). Project number LSHP-CT-2006-037570.Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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