• Yongjun Wang, Xia Meng, Anxin Wang, Xuewei Xie, Yuesong Pan, S Claiborne Johnston, Hao Li, Philip M Bath, Qiang Dong, Anding Xu, Jing Jing, Jinxi Lin, Siying Niu, Yilong Wang, Xingquan Zhao, Zixiao Li, Yong Jiang, Wei Li, Liping Liu, Jie Xu, Liguo Chang, Lihua Wang, Xianbo Zhuang, Jinguo Zhao, Yefang Feng, Honghao Man, Guozhong Li, Baojun Wang, and CHANCE-2 Investigators.
• From the China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases (Yongjun Wang, X.M., A.W., X.X., Y.P., H.L., J.J., J.L., S.N., Yilong Wang, X. Zhao, Z.L., Y.J., W.L., L.L., J.X.), the Department of Neurology (Yongjun Wang, X.M., A.W., X.X., Y.P., H.L., J.J., J.L., S.N., Yilong Wang, X. Zhao, Z.L., Y.J., W.L., L.L., J.X.), and the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection (Yongjun Wang), Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, and the Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Yongjun Wang), Beijing, the Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai (Q.D.), the Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou (A.X.), the Department of Neurology, Third People's Hospital of Liaocheng (L.C.), and the Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital (X. Zhuang), Liaocheng, the Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (L.W.), and the Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (G.L.), Harbin, the Department of Neurology, Weihai Wendeng District People's Hospital (J.Z.), and the Department of Neurology, Weihai Central Hospital (H.M.), Weihai, the Department of Neurology, Second People's Hospital of Huludao, Huludao (Y.F.), and the Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou (B.W.) - all in China; Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin (S.C.J.); and the Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom (P.M.B.).
• N. Engl. J. Med. 2021 Dec 30; 385 (27): 2520-2530.

BackgroundComparisons between ticagrelor and clopidogrel for the secondary prevention of stroke in CYP2C19 loss-of-function carriers have not been extensively performed.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at 202 centers in China involving patients with a minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) who carried CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles. Patients were assigned within 24 hours after symptom onset, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive ticagrelor (180 mg on day 1 followed by 90 mg twice daily on days 2 through 90) and placebo clopidogrel or to receive clopidogrel (300 mg on day 1 followed by 75 mg once daily on days 2 through 90) and placebo ticagrelor; both groups received aspirin for 21 days. The primary efficacy outcome was new stroke, and the primary safety outcome was severe or moderate bleeding, both within 90 days.ResultsA total of 11,255 patients were screened and 6412 patients were enrolled, with 3205 assigned to the ticagrelor group and 3207 to the clopidogrel group. The median age of the patients was 64.8 years, and 33.8% were women; 98.0% belonged to the Han Chinese ethnic group. Stroke occurred within 90 days in 191 patients (6.0%) in the ticagrelor group and 243 patients (7.6%) in the clopidogrel group (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.94; P = 0.008). Secondary outcomes were generally in the same direction as the primary outcome. Severe or moderate bleeding occurred in 9 patients (0.3%) in the ticagrelor group and in 11 patients (0.3%) in the clopidogrel group; any bleeding occurred in 170 patients (5.3%) and 80 patients (2.5%), respectively.ConclusionsAmong Chinese patients with minor ischemic stroke or TIA who were carriers of CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles, the risk of stroke at 90 days was modestly lower with ticagrelor than with clopidogrel. The risk of severe or moderate bleeding did not differ between the two treatment groups, but ticagrelor was associated with more total bleeding events than clopidogrel. (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China and others; CHANCE-2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04078737.).Copyright © 2021 Massachusetts Medical Society.

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