• Masato Moriguchi, Hirotaka Kaneko, Chihiro Terai, Yumi Koseki, Hiroshi Kajiyama, Shinichi Inada, Yutaka Kitamura, and Naoyuki Kamatani.
• Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. mmorigu@omiya.jichi.ac.jp
• Amyloid. 2005 Mar 1; 12 (1): 26-32.

AbstractThe risk associated with the serum amyloid A (SAA) 1 gene and developing AA-amyloidosis is still controversial. In familial Mediterranean fever or Caucasoid rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the SAA1.1 allele is a risk factor for the development of AA-amyloidosis. However, individuals with the SAA1.3 allele are susceptible to AA-amyloidosis in the Japanese RA population, but those with the SAA1.1 are not. Previous reports have indicated that the -13T/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the 5'-flanking region of SAA1 appears to be a better marker of AA-amyloidosis than the exon-3 based haplotype, i.e., SAA1.1 or SAA1.3, in both Japanese and American Caucasian populations. So far, it is unknown why the -13T SNP increases the amyloidogenicity of the patients. In the present study, a luciferase reporter gene assay showed that the transcriptional activity of the SAA1 having the -13T-containing promoter was significantly higher than activities of those with -13C-containing promoters (Fisher's protected least significance difference test). We suggest that having the -13T SNP in the SAA1 promoter correlates with the amyloidogenicity in part as a result of this increased transcriptional activity.

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