• Min Young Chun, Jongmin Lee, Jee Hyang Jeong, Jee Hoon Roh, Seung Jun Oh, Minyoung Oh, Jungsu S Oh, Jae Seung Kim, Seung Hwan Moon, Sook-Young Woo, Young Ju Kim, Yeong Sim Choe, Hee Jin Kim, Duk L Na, Hyemin Jang, and Sang Won Seo.
• Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
• Yonsei Med. J. 2022 Mar 1; 63 (3): 259-264.

PurposeNeuroinflammation is considered an important pathway associated with several diseases that result in cognitive decline. 18F-THK5351 positron emission tomography (PET) signals might indicate the presence of neuroinflammation, as well as Alzheimer's disease-type tau aggregates. β-amyloid (Aβ)-negative (Aβ-) amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) may be associated with non-Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. Accordingly, we investigated associations between 18F-THK5351 PET positivity and cognitive decline among Aβ- aMCI patients.Materials And MethodsThe present study included 25 amyloid PET negative aMCI patients who underwent a minimum of two follow-up neuropsychological evaluations, including clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes (CDR-SOB). The patients were classified into two groups: 18F-THK5351-positive and -negative groups. The present study used a linear mixed effects model to estimate the effects of 18F-THK5351 PET positivity on cognitive prognosis among Aβ- aMCI patients.ResultsAmong the 25 Aβ- aMCI patients, 10 (40.0%) were 18F-THK5351 positive. The patients in the 18F-THK5351-positive group were older than those in the 18F-THK5351-negative group (77.4±2.2 years vs. 70.0±5.5 years; p<0.001). There was no difference between the two groups with regard to the proportion of apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers. Interestingly, however, the CDR-SOB scores of the 18F-THK5351-positive group deteriorated at a faster rate than those of the 18F-THK5351-negative group (B=0.003, p=0.033).ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that increased 18F-THK5351 uptake might be a useful predictor of poor prognosis among Aβ- aMCI patients, which might be associated with increased neuroinflammation (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02656498).© Copyright: Yonsei University College of Medicine 2022.

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