• Pringgodigdo Nugroho, Hubert Andrew, Kelvin Kohar, Chairina Azkya Noor, and Aida Lydia Sutranto.
• Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
• Ann. Med. 2022 Dec 1; 54 (1): 837-845.

AbstractThe global burden of hypertension remains an unsolved problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). For this reason, clinical practice guidelines containing the latest evidence-based recommendations are crucial in the management of hypertension. It is noteworthy that guidelines simply translated from those of high-income countries (HICs) are not the solution to the problem of hypertension in LMICs. Among the numerous guidelines available, those of the World Health Organisation and the International Society of Hypertension are the latest to be published as of the writing of this article. In this review, we conducted both general and specific comparisons between the recommendations supplied by both guidelines. Differences in aspects of hypertension management such as the timing of antihypertensive initiation, assessment of comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors, pharmacological therapy selection, and blood pressure target and reassessment are explored. Lastly, the implications of the differences found between the two guidelines in both LMICs and HICs are discussed.Key messagesCurrently, with low treatment and control rates, hypertension remains a burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).The lack of customised guidelines for LMICs cannot be solved simply by adopting guidelines from high-income countries.The World Health Organisation (WHO) recently published a clinical guideline for the pharmacological management of hypertension in LMICs. We compare select recommendations from the guidelines to those published by the International Society of Hypertension.

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