• Xian Xiao, Jia-Wei Dai, Zhi Li, and Wei Zhang.
• The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and the Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Dec 1; 97 (50): e13529.

RationalePathological fracture of the mandible caused by radicular cyst is rare. This report describes a unique case of a mandibular pathological fracture caused by radicular cyst, arising from an endodontically treated molar.Patient ConcernA 49-year-old female was referred to our department with persistent pain in left mandibular angle, accompanying with restricted mouth opening and malocclusion.DiagnoseAn orthopantomograph (OPG) showed a unilocular lesion with a relatively well-defined border, and the lesion was associated with a fracture in the inferior border of the mandible.InterventionThis patient was treated through curettage of the cyst combined with open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture.OutcomesAt the 1-year follow-up visit, the patient did not have any complaints, and the radiographs indicated the consolidation of the fracture without recurrence of cyst.LessonsThis case report highlights the routine follow-up of endodontically treated teeth in order to check for apical healing and detect the cystic change at early stages.

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