• Hyuna Kim, Ja-Young Ahn, In-Young Chung, Seong-Wook Seo, Woong-Sun Yoo, Jong Hee Shin, and Seong-Jae Kim.
• Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Jul 1; 98 (27): e16063.

RationaleScedosporium species is rare pathogen of ocular infection. The accurate diagnosis is delaying in many cases and the clinical prognosis is poor due to its resistance to antifungal agents. This report describes a patient with infectious scleritis and corneal ulcer caused by Scedosporium auranticum infection who required enucleation to control the infection.Patient ConcernsA 70-year-old woman visited our clinic after experiencing ocular discomfort in her right eye for 4 days after minor ocular trauma, with soil exposure.DiagnosesScedosporium species was isolated from a culture of corneal tissue, Scedosporium aurantiacum was identified in a culture of necrotic tissue.InterventionsShe was started on treatment with antifungal agents, including topical amphotericin B and systemic fluconazole, but her ocular condition did not improve. Although the lesion showed temporary improvement, ocular pain and corneal ulcer recurred 3 months later. Evisceration was performed due to corneal perforation, and enucleation was also performed for dehiscence of the conjunctiva and scleral necrosis.OutcomesAfter enucleation, postoperative systemic voriconazole treatment controlled the infection without recurrence.LessonsS aurantiacum keratitis is difficult to eradicate, even with several months of treatment with systemic and topical antifungal agents, and tends to progress to scleritis. The infection can be terminated by the orbital enucleation. Infection with this rare organism should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with severe infectious keratitis.

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