• Fernanda Marchetto da Silva, Ana Carolina Gouvea Bermudes, Ivie Reis Maneschy, Graziela de Araújo Costa Zanatta, Rubens Feferbaum, Werther Brunow de Carvalho, Uenis Tannuri, and Artur Figueiredo Delgado.
• Ambulatório de Especialidades, Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil; Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Electronic address: fernanda.marchetto@gmail.com.
• Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2013 Nov 1;59(6):563-70.

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of early introduction of enteral nutrition therapy in reducing morbidity and mortality in pediatric intensive care unit.MethodsSearch in the literature of the last 10 years, in English and the target population of individuals aged 1 month to 18 years admitted to pediatric intensive care units in the databases PubMed, Lilacs and Embase using the keywords: Critical Care, Nutritional Support and Nutrition Disorders or Malnutrition.ResultsDespite advances in the quality of clinical care, the prevalence of malnutrition in hospitalized children remains unchanged in the last 20 years (15-30%) and has implications for the time of admission, course of illness and morbidity. Malnutrition is common and is often poorly recognized and therefore, untreated. Nutritional therapy is an essential part in the treatment of pediatric patients who have severely ill hypercatabolic state protein, which can be minimized with an effective nutritional treatment plan. In this study, we reviewed publications which have shown that there is still a paucity of randomized and controlled studies with good statistical treatment in relation to enteral nutritional therapy with outcomes related to morbidity and mortality. The current guidelines for nutritional therapy in these patients are largely based on expert opinion and data extrapolated from adult studies and studies in healthy children.ConclusionThe scientific evidence on the use of enteral nutrition therapy in improving the development of critically ill pediatric patients is still scarce and further studies are needed focusing on it, and better guidelines must be formulated.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

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