• Ashley McEwan, Matthew Greenwood, Christopher Ward, David Ritchie, Jeff Szer, Elizabeth Gardiner, Andriana Colic, Julija Sipavicius, Yvonne Panek-Hudson, and Ian Kerridge.
• Haematology Department, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
• Intern Med J. 2023 Dec 1; 53 (12): 216221742162-2174.

AbstractHaematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a mainstay of therapy for numerous malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Endothelial activation and dysfunction occur after stem cell transplantation, driven by various patient- and transplant-specific factors. This can manifest as one of the relatively uncommon endothelial injury syndromes, such as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy, idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, capillary leak syndrome, engraftment syndrome or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. This review focuses on the pathogenesis, classification and diagnosis of these disorders, as well as provides guidance on risk mitigation and treatment.© 2023 The Authors. Internal Medicine Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

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