• Saef Izzy, Rachel Grashow, Farid Radmanesh, Patrick Chen, Herman Taylor, Rita Formisano, Fiona Wilson, Meagan Wasfy, Aaron Baggish, and Ross Zafonte.
• Divisions of Stroke, Cerebrovascular, and Critical Care Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Football Players Health Study at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
• Lancet Neurol. 2023 Oct 1; 22 (10): 959970959-970.

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is highly prevalent among individuals participating in contact sports, military personnel, and in the general population. Although it is well known that brain injury can cause neurological and psychiatric complications, evidence from studies on individuals exposed to a single or repetitive brain injuries suggests an understudied association between TBI and the risk of developing chronic cardiovascular diseases and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Several studies have shown that people without pre-existing comorbidities who sustain a TBI have a significantly higher risk of developing chronic cardiovascular disease, than people without TBI. Similar observations made in military and professional American-style football cohorts suggest causal pathways through which modifiable cardiovascular risk factors might mediate the relationship between brain injury and chronic neurological diseases. A better understanding of cardiovascular disease risk after TBI combined with a proactive, targeted screening programme might mitigate long-term morbidity and mortality in individuals with TBI, and improve their quality of life.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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