• Esra Özer, Yeşim Çetinkaya Şen, Serap Canlı, and Gülten Güvenç.
• Ankara Medipol University, Health Sciences Faculty, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: esraozellllll@gmail.com.
• Pain Manag Nurs. 2024 Feb 1; 25 (1): 939993-99.

BackgroundClinical and experimental studies on virtual reality have shown that this easy-to-use and non-invasive method is a safe and effective strategy during normal labor.AimThis study aims to analyze the effects of virtual reality (VR) interventions on some of the parameters of normal labor.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodHigher Education Council National Thesis Center, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials that administered VR to the intervention group but not to the control group and were published through January 2022. RevMan software was used to analyze the meta-analysis data. Pain, anxiety, satisfaction, and the duration of the first and second stages of labor were assessed as outcomes of normal labor.ResultsSeven randomized controlled trials, with a total of 756 women in total, met the inclusion criteria. Virtual reality interventions significantly reduced pain scores when cervical dilatation was ≤4 cm (MD = -0.43, 95% expansion here (CI [-0.65, -0.21], p < .001) and ≥9 cm (SMD = -1.91, 95% CI [-2.56, -1.26], p < .001). Anxiety scores significantly decreased (SMD = -1.08, 95% CI [-1.75, 0.41], p < .001), and childbirth satisfaction significantly increased (MD = 11.24, 95% CI [2.17, 20.30], p < .001) in the VR intervention groups. Finally, when compared to the control groups, the duration of the first stage of labor (SMD = -0.53, 95% CI [-0.83, -0.22], p < .01) and the second stage of labor (MD = -0.39, 95% CI [-0.76, -0.02], p = .001) were significantly decreased in the VR intervention groups.ConclusionsVirtual reality interventions are effective methods to reduce pain, anxiety, and the duration of the first and second stages of labor and to increase satisfaction with normal labor.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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