• Chest · Nov 2023

    Silent airway mucus plugs in COPD and clinical implications.

    • Sofia K Mettler, Hrudaya P Nath, Scott Grumley, José L Orejas, Wojciech R Dolliver, Pietro Nardelli, Andrew C Yen, Seth J Kligerman, Kathleen Jacobs, Padma P Manapragada, Mostafa Abozeed, Muhammad Usman Aziz, Mohd Zahid, Asmaa N Ahmed, Nina L Terry, Rim Elalami, EstéparRuben San JoséRSJHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA., Sushilkumar Sonavane, Ehab Billatos, Wei Wang, EstéparRaúl San JoséRSJHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA., Jeremy B Richards, Michael H Cho, and Alejandro A Diaz.
    • Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Electronic address: sofiakyonhi.mettler@uzh.ch.
    • Chest. 2023 Nov 25.

    BackgroundAirway mucus plugs are frequently identified on CT scans of patients with COPD with a smoking history without mucus-related symptoms (ie, cough, phlegm [silent mucus plugs]).Research QuestionIn patients with COPD, what are the risk and protective factors associated with silent airway mucus plugs? Are silent mucus plugs associated with functional, structural, and clinical measures of disease?Study Design And MethodsWe identified mucus plugs on chest CT scans of participants with COPD from the COPDGene study. The mucus plug score was defined as the number of pulmonary segments with mucus plugs, ranging from 0 to 18, and categorized into three groups (0, 1-2, and ≥ 3). We determined risk and protective factors for silent mucus plugs and the associations of silent mucus plugs with measures of disease severity using multivariable linear and logistic regression models.ResultsOf 4,363 participants with COPD, 1,739 had no cough or phlegm. Among the 1,739 participants, 627 (36%) had airway mucus plugs identified on CT scan. Risk factors of silent mucus plugs (compared with symptomatic mucus plugs) were older age (OR, 1.02), female sex (OR, 1.40), and Black race (OR, 1.93) (all P values < .01). Among those without cough or phlegm, silent mucus plugs (vs absence of mucus plugs) were associated with worse 6-min walk distance, worse resting arterial oxygen saturation, worse FEV1 % predicted, greater emphysema, thicker airway walls, and higher odds of severe exacerbation in the past year in adjusted models.InterpretationMucus plugs are common in patients with COPD without mucus-related symptoms. Silent mucus plugs are associated with worse functional, structural, and clinical measures of disease. CT scan-identified mucus plugs can complement the evaluation of patients with COPD.Copyright © 2023 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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