• Xinyu Wang, Meiyuan Zeng, Xueming Ju, Anqi Lin, Chaozheng Zhou, Junyi Shen, Zaoqu Liu, Bufu Tang, Quan Cheng, Youyu Wang, Jian Zhang, and Peng Luo.
• Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
• Br J Surg. 2024 Jan 3; 111 (1).

BackgroundMany survivors of a first primary cancer (FPCs) are at risk of developing a second primary cancer (SPC), with effects on patient prognosis. Primary cancers have different frequencies of specific SPC development and the development of SPCs may be closely related to the FPC. The aim of this study was to explore possible correlations between SPCs and FPCs.MethodsRelevant literature on SPCs was retrospectively searched and screened from four databases, namely, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PMC. Data on the number of patients with SPC in 28 different organ sites were also collected from The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 8 Registry and NHANES database.ResultsA total of 9 617 643 patients with an FPC and 677 430 patients with an SPC were included in the meta-analysis. Patients with a first primary gynaecological cancer and thyroid cancer frequently developed a second primary breast cancer and colorectal cancer. Moreover, those with a first primary head and neck cancer, anal cancer and oesophageal cancer developed a second primary lung cancer more frequently. A second primary lung cancer and prostate cancer was also common among patients with first primary bladder cancer and penile cancer. Patients with second primary bladder cancer accounted for 56% of first primary ureteral cancer patients with SPCs.ConclusionsThis study recommends close clinical follow-up, monitoring and appropriate interventions in patients with relevant FPCs for better screening and early diagnosis of SPCs.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of BJS Society Ltd. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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