• Peter D Sottile, Bradford Smith, Jake N Stroh, David J Albers, and Marc Moss.
• Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.
• Crit. Care Med. 2024 May 1; 52 (5): 743751743-751.

ObjectivesVentilator dyssynchrony may be associated with increased delivered tidal volumes (V t s) and dynamic transpulmonary pressure (ΔP L,dyn ), surrogate markers of lung stress and strain, despite low V t ventilation. However, it is unknown which types of ventilator dyssynchrony are most likely to increase these metrics or if specific ventilation or sedation strategies can mitigate this potential.DesignA prospective cohort analysis to delineate the association between ten types of breaths and delivered V t , ΔP L,dyn , and transpulmonary mechanical energy.SettingPatients admitted to the medical ICU.PatientsOver 580,000 breaths from 35 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or ARDS risk factors.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsPatients received continuous esophageal manometry. Ventilator dyssynchrony was identified using a machine learning algorithm. Mixed-effect models predicted V t , ΔP L,dyn , and transpulmonary mechanical energy for each type of ventilator dyssynchrony while controlling for repeated measures. Finally, we described how V t , positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and sedation (Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale) strategies modify ventilator dyssynchrony's association with these surrogate markers of lung stress and strain. Double-triggered breaths were associated with the most significant increase in V t , ΔP L,dyn , and transpulmonary mechanical energy. However, flow-limited, early reverse-triggered, and early ventilator-terminated breaths were also associated with significant increases in V t , ΔP L,dyn , and energy. The potential of a ventilator dyssynchrony type to increase V t , ΔP L,dyn , or energy clustered similarly. Increasing set V t may be associated with a disproportionate increase in high-volume and high-energy ventilation from double-triggered breaths, but PEEP and sedation do not clinically modify the interaction between ventilator dyssynchrony and surrogate markers of lung stress and strain.ConclusionsDouble-triggered, flow-limited, early reverse-triggered, and early ventilator-terminated breaths are associated with increases in V t , ΔP L,dyn , and energy. As flow-limited breaths are more than twice as common as double-triggered breaths, further work is needed to determine the interaction of ventilator dyssynchrony frequency to cause clinically meaningful changes in patient outcomes.Copyright © 2024 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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