• Yanai MilshteinNiliNFrom the Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel., Shir Pres, Ari Derowe, and Ayelet Rimon.
• From the Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
• Pediatr Emerg Care. 2024 Feb 14.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the epidemiology and diagnoses of children with postoperative fever (a temperature of 38°C or higher) during the week after tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy and to assess the yield of the laboratory tests and otolaryngologist consultations of these patients in the pediatric emergency department (ED).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study that included all children who presented with fever to the pediatric ED of a tertiary university-affiliated medical center between May 2017 and April 2020 during the week after a tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy.ResultsThere were 94 patients who fulfilled study entry criteria during the 3-year study period, representing a 6% rate of postoperative fever for combined tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy and 3% for adenoidectomy alone. Only 9 patients (<10% of the total) were classified as having bacterial infection, whereas the most common cause for the fever was pneumonia diagnosed by chest radiography. None had surgical site infection. There was no significant difference in blood test findings of patients diagnosed with a bacterial infection and patients with a presumed viral infection or an inflammatory response to surgery.ConclusionsThe results of this investigation revealed that the source of fever of the overwhelming majority of children who were referred to the pediatric ED for fever after undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy was pneumonia as determined by chest radiography, which can be performed in an outpatient setting. Blood tests and otolaryngologist consultations were not contributory in classifying the source of fever, questioning the value of their routine use in these patients.Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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