• Po-Kuan Yeh, Yu-Chin An, Kuo-Sheng Hung, and Fu-Chi Yang.
• Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Neihu 114, No. 325, Taipei, Taiwan.
• Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2024 Apr 1; 28 (4): 169180169-180.

Purpose Of ReviewIn this narrative review, we aim to summarize recent insights into the complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors affecting the etiology, development, and progression of chronic migraine (CM).Recent FindingsEnvironmental factors such as stress, sleep dysfunction, fasting, hormonal changes, weather patterns, dietary compounds, and sensory stimuli are critical triggers that can contribute to the evolution of episodic migraine into CM. These triggers are particularly influential in genetically predisposed individuals. Concurrently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed over 100 genetic loci linked to migraine, emphasizing a significant genetic basis for migraine susceptibility. In CM, environmental and genetic factors are of equal importance and contribute to the pathophysiology of the condition. Understanding the bidirectional interactions between these elements is crucial for advancing therapeutic approaches and preventive strategies. This balanced perspective encourages continued research into the complex gene-environment nexus to improve our understanding and management of CM.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

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