• Arvind Rajamani, Ashwin Subramaniam, Brian Lung, Kristy Masters, Rebecca Gresham, Christina Whitehead, Julie Lowrey, Ian Seppelt, Hemant Kumar, Jayashree Kumar, Anwar Hassan, Sam Orde, Pranav Arun Bharadwaj, Hemamalini Arvind, Stephen Huang, and SPARTAN Collaborative.
• Nepean Clinical School, University of Sydney, Derby Street, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia.
• Crit Care Resusc. 2023 Dec 1; 25 (4): 216222216-222.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of conducting a prospective randomised controlled trial (pRCT) comparing remifentanil and fentanyl as adjuncts to sedate mechanically ventilated patients.DesignSingle-center, open-labelled, pRCT with blinded analysis.SettingAustralian tertiary intensive care unit (ICU).ParticipantsConsecutive adults between June 2020 and August 2021 expected to receive invasive ventilation beyond the next day and requiring opioid infusion were included. Exclusion criteria were pregnant/lactating women, intubation >12 h, or study-drug hypersensitivity.InterventionsOpen-label fentanyl and remifentanil infusions per existing ICU protocols.OutcomesPrimary outcomes were feasibility of recruiting ≥1 patient/week and >90 % compliance, namely no other opioid infusion used during the study period. Secondary outcomes included complications, ICU-, ventilator- and hospital-free days, and mortality (ICU, hospital). Blinded intention-to-treat analysis was performed concealing the allocation group.Results208 patients were enrolled (mean 3.7 patients/week). Compliance was 80.6 %. More patients developed complications with fentanyl than remifentanil: bradycardia (n = 44 versus n = 21; p < 0.001); hypotension (n = 78 versus n = 53; p < 0.01); delirium (n = 28 versus n = 15; p = 0.001). No differences were seen in ICU (24.3 % versus 27.6 %,p = 0.60) and hospital mortalities (26.2 % versus 30.5 %; p = 0.50). Ventilator-free days were higher with remifentanil (p = 0.01).ConclusionsWe demonstrated the feasibility of enrolling patients for a pRCT comparing remifentanil and fentanyl as sedation adjuncts in mechanically ventilated patients. We failed to attain the study-opioid compliance target, likely because of patients with complex sedative/analgesic requirements. Secondary outcomes suggest that remifentanil may reduce mechanical ventilation duration and decrease the incidence of complications. An adequately powered multicentric phase 2 study is required to evaluate these results.© 2023 The Authors.

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