• Faheem W Guirgis, Lauren Page Black, Morgan Henson, Andrew Bertrand, Elizabeth DeVos, Jason Ferreira, Hanzhi Gao, Samuel S Wu, Christiaan Leeuwenburgh, Lyle Moldawer, Frederick Moore, and Srinivasa T Reddy.
• Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL.
• Crit. Care Med. 2024 Mar 15.

ObjectivesLow cholesterol levels in early sepsis patients are associated with mortality. We sought to test if IV lipid emulsion administration to sepsis patients with low cholesterol levels would prevent a decline or increase total cholesterol levels at 48 hours.DesignPhase II, adaptive, randomized pilot clinical trial powered for 48 patients.SettingEmergency department or ICU of an academic medical center.PatientsSepsis patients (first 24 hr) with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment greater than or equal to 4 or shock.InterventionsPatients meeting study criteria, including screening total cholesterol levels less than or equal to 100 mg/dL or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) + low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) less than or equal to 70 mg/dL, were randomized to receive one of three doses of lipid emulsion administered twice in 48 hours or no drug (controls). The primary endpoint was a change in serum total cholesterol (48 hr - enrollment) between groups.Measurements And Main ResultsForty-nine patients were enrolled and randomized. Two patients randomized to lipid emulsion were withdrawn before drug administration. Data for 24 control patients and 23 lipid emulsion patients were analyzed. The mean change in total cholesterol from enrollment to 48 hours was not different between groups and was 5 mg/dL (sd 20) for lipid emulsion patients, and 2 mg/dL (sd 18) for control patients (p = 0.62). The mean changes in HDL-C and LDL-C were similar between groups. Mean change in triglycerides was elevated in lipid emulsion patients (61 mg/dL, sd 87) compared with controls (20 mg/dL, sd 70, p = 0.086). The 48-hour change in SOFA score was -2 (interquartile range [IQR] -4, -1) for control patients and -2 (IQR -3, 0) for lipid emulsion patients (p = 0.46).ConclusionsAdministration of IV lipid emulsion to early sepsis patients with low cholesterol levels did not influence change in cholesterol levels from enrollment to 48 hours.Copyright © 2024 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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