• Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Oct 2012

    Matrix metalloproteinase-19 is a key regulator of lung fibrosis in mice and humans.

    • Ivan O Rosas, Moisés Selman, Annie Pardo, Naftali Kaminski, Thomas J Richards, Kevin F Gibson, Samuel A Yousem, Elisabetha Kovkarova-Naumovski, Paul Jara, Anil Parwani, Daniel Kass, Victor Ruiz, Carlos Lopez-Otín, Sandra Cabrera, Remedios Ramírez, and Lara J Chensny.
    • Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico DF, Mexico. apardos@unam.mx
    • Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.. 2012 Oct 15;186(8):752-62.

    RationaleIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease characterized by epithelial phenotypic changes and fibroblast activation. Based on the temporal heterogeneity of IPF, we hypothesized that hyperplastic alveolar epithelial cells regulate the fibrotic response.ObjectivesTo identify novel mediators of fibrosis comparing the transcriptional signature of hyperplastic epithelial cells and conserved epithelial cells in the same lung.MethodsLaser capture microscope and microarrays analysis were used to identify differentially expressed genes in IPF lungs. Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis was evaluated in Mmp19-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice. The role of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-19 was additionally studied by transfecting the human MMP19 in alveolar epithelial cells.Measurements And Main ResultsLaser capture microscope followed by microarray analysis revealed a novel mediator, MMP-19, in hyperplastic epithelial cells adjacent to fibrotic regions. Mmp19(-/-) mice showed a significantly increased lung fibrotic response to bleomycin compared with WT mice. A549 epithelial cells transfected with human MMP19 stimulated wound healing and cell migration, whereas silencing MMP19 had the opposite effect. Gene expression microarray of transfected A549 cells showed that PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2) was one of the highly induced genes. PTGS2 was overexpressed in IPF lungs and colocalized with MMP-19 in hyperplastic epithelial cells. In WT mice, PTGS2 was significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage and lung tissues after bleomycin-induced fibrosis, but not in Mmp19(-/-) mice. Inhibition of Mmp-19 by siRNA resulted in inhibition of Ptgs2 at mRNA and protein levels.ConclusionsUp-regulation of MMP19 induced by lung injury may play a protective role in the development of fibrosis through the induction of PTGS2.

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