• Kathryn Snow, Jennifer H MacLachlan, Stacey Rowe, Nasra Higgins, and Benjamin C Cowie.
• WHO Collaborating Centre for Viral Hepatitis, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
• Intern Med J. 2024 Mar 19.

BackgroundHighly effective hepatitis C therapies are available in Australia. However, people living with hepatitis C face various barriers to accessing care and treatment.AimsTo identify gaps in the cascade of care for hepatitis C and generate estimates of the number living with untreated infection according to population group, using a representative longitudinal study population.MethodsWe linked hepatitis C notification data from Victoria to national pathology, prescribing and death registry data. We assessed receipt of key clinical services in a large cohort who tested positive for hepatitis C from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2016, with follow-up to 30 June 2018. We estimated the number still living with hepatitis C, adjusting for spontaneous clearance and mortality.ResultsThe cohort comprised 45 391 people positive for hepatitis C. Of these, 13 346 (29%) received treatment and an estimated 28% (95% confidence interval (CI): 26-30%) were still living with chronic infection at 30 June 2018, with the remainder still living following spontaneous clearance (30%, 95% CI: 29-32%) or having died (12%, 95% CI: 12-12%). Half (50%) of those still living with hepatitis C were born from 1965 to 1980, and 74% first tested positive before 2011.ConclusionsDespite an enabling policy environment and subsidised therapy, many people in this cohort were not treated. Increased measures may be needed to engage people in care, including those who acquired hepatitis C more than 10 years ago.© 2024 The Authors. Internal Medicine Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

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