• Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Cheng Han Ng, Mark D Muthiah, Kwanjit Duangsonk, Siwanart Kongarin, Karan Srisurapanont, Phakkamon Pingwang, Nonlawan Songmueang, Chalida Nonthasoot, Worapaka Manosroi, Surakit Nathisuwan, Fang Li, Ju Dong Yang, Vincent L Chen, Donghee Kim, Mazen Noureddin, Daniel Q Huang, and Karn Wijarnpreecha.
• Immunology Unit, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Electronic address: pojsakorndan@gmail.com.
• Mayo Clin. Proc. 2024 Mar 28.

ObjectiveTo quantify the burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and related metabolic disorders in premenopausal women.Patients And MethodsBetween 2010 and 2019, global evaluations of prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and their age-standardized rate (ASR) were conducted for metabolic conditions such as MASLD, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension (HTN), obesity, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Subgroup assessments were conducted according to geographical regions and the sociodemographic index. The predictive models were established to estimate mortality and DALYs through 2040.ResultsIn 2019, the most significant ASR of deaths was found in HTN (11.37; 9.52 to 13.45), followed by obesity (10.49; 7.57 to 13.64). In contrast, the greatest ASR of DALYs was attributed to obesity (816.13; 581.41 to 1073.32), followed by HTN (634.73; 536.75 to 744.77). The mortality rates for dyslipidemia (-0.55%) and HTN (-0.72%) have been decreasing over time, but there has been an increase in obesity (+0.58%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (+0.85%), and MASLD (+0.51%). Lower sociodemographic index countries exhibit a higher disability-to-prevalence ratio. In 2040, obesity is predicted to cause the most deaths (+41.59% from 2019).ConclusionThe escalating impact of metabolic syndrome, the rising trends in death rates linked to obesity, and the disparities based on region and socioeconomic status in premenopausal women underscore the alarming increase in the global burden of metabolic syndrome.Copyright © 2024 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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