• Leslie R Zwerwer, Simon van der Pol, Kai Zacharowski, Maarten J Postma, Jan Kloka, Benjamin Friedrichson, and Antoinette D I van Asselt.
• Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands. Electronic address: l.r.zwerwer@rug.nl.
• J Crit Care. 2024 Apr 6; 82: 154802154802.

PurposeThe health and economic consequences of artificial intelligence (AI) systems for mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients often remain unstudied. Early health technology assessments (HTA) can examine the potential impact of AI systems by using available data and simulations. Therefore, we developed a generic health-economic model suitable for early HTA of AI systems for mechanically ventilated patients.Materials And MethodsOur generic health-economic model simulates mechanically ventilated patients from their hospitalisation until their death. The model simulates two scenarios, care as usual and care with the AI system, and compares these scenarios to estimate their cost-effectiveness.ResultsThe generic health-economic model we developed is suitable for estimating the cost-effectiveness of various AI systems. By varying input parameters and assumptions, the model can examine the cost-effectiveness of AI systems across a wide range of different clinical settings.ConclusionsUsing the proposed generic health-economic model, investors and innovators can easily assess whether implementing a certain AI system is likely to be cost-effective before an exact clinical impact is determined. The results of the early HTA can aid investors and innovators in deployment of AI systems by supporting development decisions, informing value-based pricing, clinical trial design, and selection of target patient groups.Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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