• Haomiao Jia and Erica I Lubetkin.
• Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health and School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, New York. Electronic address: hj2198@columbia.edu.
• Am J Prev Med. 2024 Apr 8.

IntroductionThis study compared the long-term harmful consequences of individual adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to subsequent health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among U.S. adults.MethodsRespondents were from the eleven U.S. states that included the optional ACE module questionnaire in the 2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Systems (BRFSS). Relative importance (RI) was estimated for ten ACEs to respondents' self-rated general health (SRGH), physically unhealthy days (PUD), mentally unhealthy days (MUD), and activity limitation days (ALD). A variable's importance was measured as the average gains in R-squared after adding the variable to all sub-models. Statistical analysis was performed in 2023.ResultsAfter controlling for demographics, household mental illness was the most important ACE for SRGH, MUD, and ALD, with RIs of 16.4, 28.4 and 23.4, respectively. This ACE was ranked second for PUD (RI=17.8). Sexual abuse was ranked first for PUD (18.7), second for MUD (16.6) and ALD (20.9), and fifth for SRGH (10.4). Parental separation (RI ≤2.4) and incarcerated household member (2.8-5.4) were the least important ACEs for all 4 outcomes. Sexual abuse, parental separation, emotional abuse, and basic needs were not met were considerably more important among females while household mental illness and household substance abuse were more important among males.ConclusionsThis study highlight that certain ACEs play a greater role than others for HRQOL with certain ACEs having a greater relative importance according to sex. Additionally, a significant proportion of the long-term impacts of ACE to HRQOL was indirectly through the mediation effect of other explanatory variables.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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