• Paul Brinkman, Michael Wilde, Waqar Ahmed, Ran Wang, Marc van der Schee, Shahd Abuhelal, Chad Schaber, Danen Cunoosamy, Graham W Clarke, Anke-Hilse Maitland-van der Zee, Sven-Erik Dahlén, Salman Siddiqui, and Stephen J Fowler.
• Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
• Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2024 Nov 1; 210 (9): 107910901079-1090.

AbstractThe exhaled breath represents an ideal matrix for noninvasive biomarker discovery, and exhaled metabolomics have the potential to be clinically useful in the era of precision medicine. In this concise translational review, we specifically address volatile organic compounds in the breath, with a view toward fulfilling the promise of these as actionable biomarkers, in particular, for lung diseases. We review the literature paying attention to seminal work linked to key milestones in breath research; discuss potential applications for breath biomarkers across disease areas and healthcare systems, including the perspectives of industry; and outline critical aspects of study design that will need to be considered for any pivotal research going forward if breath analysis is to provide robust validated biomarkers that meet the requirements for future clinical implementation.

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