• Mohamed Nasra, Rimsha Jaffri, Davor Pavlin-Premrl, Hong Kuan Kok, Ali Khabaza, Christen Barras, Lee-Anne Slater, Anousha Yazdabadi, Justin Moore, Jeremy Russell, Paul Smith, Ronil V Chandra, Mark Brooks, Ashu Jhamb, Winston Chong, Julian Maingard, and Hamed Asadi.
• Department of Medicine, Northern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
• Intern Med J. 2025 Jan 1; 55 (1): 203420-34.

AbstractEnhancing patient comprehension of their health is crucial in improving health outcomes. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in distilling medical information into a conversational, legible format can potentially enhance health literacy. This review aims to examine the accuracy, reliability, comprehensiveness and readability of medical patient education materials (PEMs) simplified by AI models. A systematic review was conducted searching for articles assessing outcomes of use of AI in simplifying PEMs. Inclusion criteria are as follows: publication between January 2019 and June 2023, various modalities of AI, English language, AI use in PEMs and including physicians and/or patients. An inductive thematic approach was utilised to code for unifying topics which were qualitatively analysed. Twenty studies were included, and seven themes were identified (reproducibility, accessibility and ease of use, emotional support and user satisfaction, readability, data security, accuracy and reliability and comprehensiveness). AI effectively simplified PEMs, with reproducibility rates up to 90.7% in specific domains. User satisfaction exceeded 85% in AI-generated materials. AI models showed promising readability improvements, with ChatGPT achieving 100% post-simplification readability scores. AI's performance in accuracy and reliability was mixed, with occasional lack of comprehensiveness and inaccuracies, particularly when addressing complex medical topics. AI models accurately simplified basic tasks but lacked soft skills and personalisation. These limitations can be addressed with higher-calibre models combined with prompt engineering. In conclusion, the literature reveals a scope for AI to enhance patient health literacy through medical PEMs. Further refinement is needed to improve AI's accuracy and reliability, especially when simplifying complex medical information.© 2024 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

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