• Gerald A Maccioli, Todd Dorman, Brent R Brown, John E Mazuski, Barbara A McLean, Joanne M Kuszaj, Stanley H Rosenbaum, Lorry R Frankel, John W Devlin, Joseph A Govert, Brian Smith, William T Peruzzi, and American College of Critical Care Medicine, Society of Critical Care Medicine.
• Critical Health Systems, Raleigh Practice Center, NC, USA.
• Crit. Care Med. 2003 Nov 1;31(11):2665-76.

ObjectiveTo develop clinical practice guidelines for the use of restraining therapies to maintain physical and psychological safety of adult and pediatric patients in the intensive care unit.ParticipantsA multidisciplinary, multispecialty task force of experts in critical care practice was convened from the membership of the American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM), the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and the American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN).EvidenceThe task force members reviewed the published literature (MEDLINE articles, textbooks, etc.) and provided expert opinion from which consensus was derived. Relevant published articles were reviewed individually for validity using the Cochrane methodology (http://hiru.mcmaster.ca/cochrane/ or www.cochrane.org).Consensus ProcessThe task force met as a group and by teleconference to identify the pertinent literature and derive consensus recommendations. Consideration was given to both the weight of scientific information within the literature and expert opinion. Draft documents were composed by a task force steering committee and debated by the task force members until consensus was reached by nominal group process. The task force draft then was reviewed, assessed, and edited by the Board of Regents of the ACCM. After steering committee approval, the draft document was reviewed and approved by the SCCM Council.ConclusionsThe task force developed nine recommendations with regard to the use of physical restraints and pharmacologic therapies to maintain patient safety in the intensive care unit.

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