• Ruyang Xia, Maojiao Li, and Bo Huang.
• State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center of Stomatology and General Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
• Postgrad Med J. 2024 Dec 26.

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles derived from cells and serve as an endogenous mechanism for intercellular communication. Since the discovery of their capacity to effectively transfer biological information, their potential as drug delivery vehicles has garnered significant scientific interest. Particularly, EVs derived from mesenchymal cells (MSC-EVs) have emerged as a highly promising method for drug delivery. They can transport bioactive molecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, and possess the ability to modulate immune responses, transmit information, and target specific cells. EVs offer several advantages over conventional drug delivery systems, including their capacity to traverse natural barriers, inherent cell targeting capabilities, and stability in circulation. Compared to their parent cells, EVs exhibit low immunogenicity, ease of storage and transport, and a reduced risk of tumorigenesis. The diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases often involve invasive measures, and MSC-EVs have demonstrated initial efficacy in oral disease treatment. This review explores the application of MSC-EVs in maxillofacial tissue regeneration, periodontitis, temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, Sjögren's Syndrome, oral cancer, and other oral diseases. Additionally, it outlines potential future directions for the development of MSC-EVs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of MSC-EVs in oral disease treatment and to stimulate interest in their applications for targeted drug delivery.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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