• Med. Clin. North Am. · Mar 2025

    Review

    Advances in Diagnosis and Management of Atypical Demyelinating Diseases.

    • Spencer K Hutto and Julien J Cavanagh.
    • Division of Hospital Neurology, Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Electronic address: shutto@emory.edu.
    • Med. Clin. North Am. 2025 Mar 1; 109 (2): 425441425-441.

    AbstractThe last two decades have seen tremendous progress in understanding central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating diseases, heralding an exciting new era for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with a variety of non-multiple sclerosis neuroinflammatory diseases. This article comprehensively reviews atypical CNS demyelinating diseases, beginning with the general approach to CNS demyelination, continuing with suggestions to facilitate the initial evaluation, and followed by a discussion about specific diseases (neuromyelitis optica, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, iatrogenic CNS demyelination, and transverse myelitis). MRI examples of these disorders are provided to illustrate key radiographic findings. The article concludes with recommendations for treatment.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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