• Med. Clin. North Am. · Mar 2025

    Review

    Autoimmune Encephalitis.

    • Mar Guasp and Josep Dalmau.
    • Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, C/ Casanova, 143; Floor 3A, Barcelona 08036, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-CaixaResearch Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en red, enfermedades raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
    • Med. Clin. North Am. 2025 Mar 1; 109 (2): 443461443-461.

    AbstractAutoimmune encephalitides (AE) constitute a broad group of inflammatory brain disorders characterized by prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms, frequently in association with autoantibodies against neural (neuronal or glial) antigens. The most frequent AE are anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (associated with MOG antibodies in 60% of patients), and limbic encephalitis (with several immunologic subtypes, anti-LGI1 encephalitis being the most frequent). The first 2 predominantly affect children and young adults, whereas limbic encephalitis usually affects patients older than 50 years. Despite the severity of symptoms, prompt diagnosis and treatment lead to substantial recovery in most patients.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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