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- M Salman Sheikh and Kianoush B Kashani.
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Eur. J. Intern. Med. 2025 Jan 31.
AbstractAccurate assessment of kidney function is essential for diagnosing and managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI), adjusting drug dosages, and predicting clinical outcomes. Despite its ubiquitous use, serum creatinine has significant limitations, necessitating the exploration of alternative and complementary biomarkers and technologies. This review revisits the benefits and limitations of serum creatinine, explores other kidney function biomarkers such as Cystatin C and ProEnkephalin, and examines traditional gold-standard techniques, including creatinine clearance, radioisotopes, and inulin clearance. Furthermore, it highlights innovations in real-time glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement, such as transdermal monitoring using MB-102 and dual fluorescent tracers. We conclude with a discussion on the development, validation, and clinical integration of these advancements, which may redefine renal function assessment in the years to come.Copyright © 2025 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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