• Elie Azoulay, Jean-François Timsit, Charles L Sprung, Marcio Soares, Katerina Rusinová, Ariane Lafabrie, Ricardo Abizanda, Mia Svantesson, Francesca Rubulotta, Bara Ricou, Dominique Benoit, Daren Heyland, Gavin Joynt, Adrien Français, Paulo Azeivedo-Maia, Radoslaw Owczuk, Julie Benbenishty, Michael de Vita, Andreas Valentin, Akos Ksomos, Simon Cohen, Lidija Kompan, Kwok Ho, Fekri Abroug, Anne Kaarlola, Herwig Gerlach, Theodoros Kyprianou, Andrej Michalsen, Sylvie Chevret, Benoît Schlemmer, and Conflicus Study Investigators and for the Ethics Section of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine.
• AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Medical ICU, University Paris-7 Paris-Diderot, UFR de Médecine, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France. elie.azoulay@sls.ap-hop-paris.fr
• Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2009 Nov 1;180(9):853-60.

RationaleMany sources of conflict exist in intensive care units (ICUs). Few studies recorded the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors for conflicts in ICUs.ObjectivesTo record the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors for conflicts in ICUs.MethodsOne-day cross-sectional survey of ICU clinicians. Data on perceived conflicts in the week before the survey day were obtained from 7,498 ICU staff members (323 ICUs in 24 countries).Measurements And Main ResultsConflicts were perceived by 5,268 (71.6%) respondents. Nurse-physician conflicts were the most common (32.6%), followed by conflicts among nurses (27.3%) and staff-relative conflicts (26.6%). The most common conflict-causing behaviors were personal animosity, mistrust, and communication gaps. During end-of-life care, the main sources of perceived conflict were lack of psychological support, absence of staff meetings, and problems with the decision-making process. Conflicts perceived as severe were reported by 3,974 (53%) respondents. Job strain was significantly associated with perceiving conflicts and with greater severity of perceived conflicts. Multivariate analysis identified 15 factors associated with perceived conflicts, of which 6 were potential targets for future intervention: staff working more than 40 h/wk, more than 15 ICU beds, caring for dying patients or providing pre- and postmortem care within the last week, symptom control not ensured jointly by physicians and nurses, and no routine unit-level meetings.ConclusionsOver 70% of ICU workers reported perceived conflicts, which were often considered severe and were significantly associated with job strain. Workload, inadequate communication, and end-of-life care emerged as important potential targets for improvement.

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