• Malcie Mesnil, Xavier Capdevila, Sophie Bringuier, Pierre-Olivier Trine, Yoan Falquet, Jonathan Charbit, Jean-Paul Roustan, Gerald Chanques, and Samir Jaber.
• Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Lapeyronie (DAR A), Montpellier I University and Montpellier University Lapeyronie Hospital, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Equipe soutenue par la Région et l'Inserm (ERI) -25, Route de Ganges, 34295 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.
• Intensive Care Med. 2011 Jun 1;37(6):933-41.

PurposeTo evaluate efficacy and adverse events related to inhaled sevoflurane for long-term sedation compared with standard intravenous (i.v.) sedation with propofol or midazolam.MethodsRandomized controlled trial. Sixty intensive care unit (ICU) patients expected to require more than 24 h sedation were randomly assigned to one of three groups: group S, inhaled sevoflurane; group P, i.v. propofol; group M, i.v. midazolam. All patients also received i.v. remifentanil for goal-directed sedation (Ramsay scale and pain score) until extubation or for a maximum of 96 h. Primary end points were wake-up times and extubation delay from termination of sedative administration. Proportion of time within Ramsay score 3-4, i.v. morphine consumption at 24 h post extubation, hallucination episodes after end of sedation, adverse events, inorganic fluoride plasma levels, and ambient sevoflurane concentrations were recorded.ResultsForty-seven patients were analyzed. Wake-up time and extubation delay were significantly (P<0.01) shorter in group S (18.6 ± 11.8 and 33.6 ± 13.1 min) than in group P (91.3 ± 35.2 and 326.11 ± 360.2 min) or M (260.2 ± 150.2 and 599.6 ± 586.6 min). Proportion of time within desired interval of sedation score was comparable between groups. Morphine consumption during the 24 h following extubation was lower in group S than in groups P and M. Four hallucination episodes were reported in group P, five in group M, and none in group S (P=0.04). No hepatic or renal adverse events were reported. Mean plasma fluoride value was 82 μmol l(-1) (range 12-220 μmol l(-1)), and mean ambient sevoflurane concentration was 0.3 ± 0.1 ppm.ConclusionsLong-term inhaled sevoflurane sedation seems to be a safe and effective alternative to i.v. propofol or midazolam. It decreases wake-up and extubation times, and post extubation morphine consumption, and increases awakening quality.© Copyright jointly held by Springer and ESICM 2011

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