• Zenaida C Reyes, Nelson Claure, Markus K Tauscher, Carmen D'Ugard, Silvia Vanbuskirk, and Eduardo Bancalari.
• Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
• Pediatrics. 2006 Oct 1;118(4):1409-17.

BackgroundProlonged mechanical ventilation is associated with lung injury in preterm infants. In these infants, weaning from synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation may be delayed by their inability to cope with increased respiratory loads. The addition of pressure support to synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation can offset these loads and may facilitate weaning.ObjectiveThe purpose of this work was to compare synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation plus pressure support in weaning from mechanical ventilation and the duration of supplemental oxygen dependency in preterm infants with respiratory failure.MethodsPreterm infants weighing 500 to 1000 g at birth who required mechanical ventilation during the first postnatal week were randomly assigned to synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation or synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation plus pressure support. In both groups, weaning followed a set protocol during the first 28 days. Outcomes were assessed during the first 28 days and until discharge or death.ResultsThere were 107 infants enrolled (53 synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation plus pressure support and 54 synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation). Demographic and perinatal data, mortality, and morbidity did not differ between groups. During the first 28 days, infants in the synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation plus pressure support group reached minimal ventilator settings and were extubated earlier than infants in the synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation group. Total duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of oxygen dependency, and oxygen need at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age alone or combined with death did not differ between groups. However, infants in synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation plus pressure support within the 700- to 1000-g birth weight strata had a shorter oxygen dependency.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that the addition of pressure support as a supplement to synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation during the first 28 days may play a role in reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in extremely low birth-weight infants, and it may lead to a reduced oxygen dependency in the 700- to 1000-g birth weight strata.

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