• P Pat Banerjee, Cristian J Luciano, G Michael Lemole, Fady T Charbel, and Michael Y Oh.
• Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago 60607, USA. banerjee@uic.edu
• J. Neurosurg. 2007 Sep 1;107(3):515-21.

ObjectThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of ventriculostomy catheter placement on a head- and hand-tracked high-resolution and high-performance virtual reality and haptic technology workstation.MethodsSeventy-eight fellows and residents performed simulated ventriculostomy catheter placement on an ImmersiveTouch system. The virtual catheter was placed into a virtual patient's head derived from a computed tomography data set. Participants were allowed one attempt each. The distance from the tip of the catheter to the Monro foramen was measured.ResultsThe mean distance (+/- standard deviation) from the final position of the catheter tip to the Monro foramen was 16.09 mm (+/- 7.85 mm).ConclusionsThe accuracy of virtual ventriculostomy catheter placement achieved by participants using the simulator is comparable to the accuracy reported in a recent retrospective evaluation of free-hand ventriculostomy placements in which the mean distance from the catheter tip to the Monro foramen was 16 mm (+/- 9.6 mm).

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