• Kazuhiro Nakanishi, Shinhiro Takeda, Atsuhiro Sakamoto, and Akira Kitamura.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan. n-kazu@nms.ac.jp
• Crit. Care Med. 2006 May 1;34(5):1351-7.

ObjectiveTo examine the association between decreased release of proinflammatory cytokines in response to urinary trypsin inhibitor pretreatment and decreased myocardial and lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass.DesignA prospective, randomized, double-blind study.SettingUniversity hospital.SubjectsThirty patients on cardiopulmonary bypass undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.InterventionsPatients received 5000 units/kg intravenous urinary trypsin inhibitor (n = 15) or 0.9% saline (control, n = 15) immediately before aortic cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass.Measurement And Main ResultsNeutrophil elastase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 were measured after intubation (T1), immediately before aortic cannulation (T2), after separation from cardiopulmonary bypass (T3), at the end of surgery (T4), and on postoperative days 1 (T5), 3 (T6), and 5 (T7). Simultaneous hematocrit values were obtained at all sample times. Isoenzyme of creatine kinase with muscle and brain subunits, troponin-T, and myosin light chain I were also measured. Various hemodynamic and pulmonary data were obtained perioperatively. Levels of neutrophil elastase and cytokines were corrected for hemodilution. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels were lower at T3 and T4 in the urinary trypsin inhibitor group than in the control group. Stroke volume index was significantly decreased in the control group at T3, and statistical difference was found between groups at T3 (p < .01). Respiratory index and intrapulmonary shunt were significantly higher in the control group than in the urinary trypsin inhibitor group at T3. Changes in respiratory index and intrapulmonary shunt correlated with interleukin-8 levels at T3 (r = .52, p < 00001; r = .37, p < 0001, respectively) and T4 (r = .44, p < .001; r = .24, p < .05, respectively). Neutrophil elastase levels and cardiac marker responses to coronary artery bypass grafting surgery were similar in both groups.ConclusionsPrepump administration of urinary trypsin inhibitor attenuates the elevation of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 release immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass.

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