• Samuel Lee and Alaa Abd-Elsayed.
• University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, U.S.A.
• Pain Pract. 2016 Sep 1; 16 (7): 935-47.

IntroductionNeuromodulation, including spinal cord stimulation and peripheral nerve field stimulation, has been used with success in treating several painful conditions. The FDA approved the use of neuromodulation for a few indications. We review evidence for neuromodulation in treating some important painful conditions that are not currently FDA approved.MethodsThis review included an online web search for only clinical trials testing the efficacy of neuromodulation in treating coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), headache, and peripheral field stimulation.ResultsOur systematic literature search found 10, 6, and 3 controlled studies relating to coronary artery disease, PVD, and headache, respectively. Our review also included 5 noncontrolled studies relating to peripheral field stimulation, as no controlled studies had been completed.ConclusionThis review article shows compelling evidence based on clinical trials that neuromodulation can be of benefit for patients with serious painful conditions that are not currently approved by the FDA.© 2015 World Institute of Pain.

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