• François Girard, Monique Ruel, Sylvie McKenty, Daniel Boudreault, Philippe Chouinard, Alexandre Todorov, Pedro Molina-Negro, and Guy Bouvier.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôpital Notre-Dame, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. francois.girard.chum@ssss.gouv.qc.ca
• Neurosurgery. 2003 Aug 1;53(2):316-9; discussion 319-20.

ObjectiveThe incidence and severity of venous air embolism (VAE), a potentially fatal complication, among patients undergoing selective peripheral denervation in the sitting position have never been clearly established. We designed this retrospective study to assess the incidence and severity of VAE, the incidence of paradoxical air embolism, and the occurrence of patent foramen ovale, as detected with transesophageal echocardiography, as well as the effects of its detection on patient treatment.MethodsAfter institutional review board approval, data were collected from the charts of all patients who underwent selective peripheral denervation at our institution between 1988 and 2001. The severity of VAE was assessed by using a 5-point scale.ResultsData for 342 patients were available for analyses. Seven patients exhibited VAE, yielding an incidence of 2%. The severity of VAE was 2/5 for three patients, 3/5 for three patients, and 4/5 for one patient. Air could be aspirated from the central venous catheter for three patients. No deaths occurred. Among the 96 transesophageal echocardiographic examinations performed, 5 cases of patent foramen ovale were detected (5.2%). For those patients, surgery was performed in the prone or park-bench position. No paradoxical air embolism was detected.ConclusionThis is the first large study to directly assess the incidence and severity of VAE among patients undergoing selective peripheral denervation in the sitting position. We recommend that the detection of a patent foramen ovale prompt a change in position for this surgical procedure.

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