• Regional anesthesia · May 1997

    Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial

    Tramadol and beta-cyclodextrin piroxicam: effective multimodal balanced analgesia for the intra- and postoperative period.

    • G R Lauretti, A L Mattos, and I C Lima.
    • Department of Surgical Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital das Clinicas Faculty of Medicina Ribeirão Preto-USP, São Paulo, Brazil.
    • Reg Anesth. 1997 May 1;22(3):243-8.

    Background And ObjectivesThis study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of tramadol, an analgesic with both opioid and nonopioid actions (norepinephrine and serotonin pathways), with beta-cyclodextrin piroxicam, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, in the perioperative setting.MethodsThe study population consisted of 48 patients scheduled for minor abdominal procedures, who were assigned to one of four groups of 12 patients each. The premedication was either a placebo tablet or a 192.1-mg beta-cyclodextrin piroxicam tablet, administered orally 30-40 minutes before anesthesia induction. After intravenous administration of tramadol 1.5 mg/kg, anesthesia was induced with an intravenous loading dose of propofol. Anesthesia was maintained an intravenous infusion of propofol at 6-12 mg/kg/h plus either saline or tramadol at 1.2 mg/kg/h, atracurium, and a 2:1 nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture. The control group received a placebo tablet and an infusion of saline with propofol for anesthesia maintenance; the tramadol group received a placebo tablet and a continuous tramadol-propofol infusion; the beta-cyclodextrin piroxicam (BCP) group received a BCP tablet and a continuous saline-propofol infusion; and the beta-cyclodextrin piroxicam-tramadol (BCPT) group received beta-cyclodextrin piroxicam and a continuous tramadol-propofol infusion.ResultsThe relative propofol consumption by the four groups was control = BCP (P > .05) >tramadol (P < .001) > B-CPT (P < .0002). The time for analgesic rescue decreased in the order BCPT > BCP (P < .0002) = tramadol > control (P < .001). The degree of sedation and the visual analog scores 10-cm scale at the time patients requested rescue analgesics were similar among the groups (P > .05).ConclusionsThe combination of tramadol and beta-cyclodextrin piroxicam provided better perioperative analgesia than tramadol alone.

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