• P B Rosen, N E McSwain, M Arata, S Stahl, and D Mercer.
• Tulane University Medical Center, Emergency Department, New Orleans, LA.
• Ann Emerg Med. 1992 Oct 1;21(10):1189-95.

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the limitation of movement of four cervical collars, with emphasis on two new extrication collars.DesignRanges of motion permitted by four extrication collars, measured by two goniometric techniques, were compared. Times required to apply each collar were noted and compared.SettingIn a laboratory setting, volunteers were asked to flex, extend, laterally bend, and rotate their necks, first without restriction and then with each of the collars applied.Type Of ParticipantsParticipants were healthy volunteers who worked either in the Department of Physical Therapy or in the Emergency Department of Tulane Medical Center Hospital.InterventionsThe collars used were the Nec-Loc Extrication Collar, Philadelphia Collar, Philadelphia Red EM Collar with Immobilizer, and Vacuum Splint Cervical Collar.MeasurementsMeasurements were performed first using the head goniometer and then the hand-held goniometer. Time required for application was measured in seconds. Statistical evaluation was performed using repeated measure analysis of variance and then Newman-Keuls multiple comparison procedure.Main ResultsThe Vacuum Splint Cervical Collar restricted range of motion of the cervical spine most effectively.ConclusionA cervical collar with design characteristics similar to the Vacuum Splint Cervical Collar (ie, a rigid collar that incorporates part of the thorax) will restrict movement of the neck more effectively than shorter, less rigid collars.

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