• Critical care medicine · May 2006

    Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study

    Clinical and hemodynamic comparison of 15:2 and 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratios for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

    • Demetris Yannopoulos, Tom P Aufderheide, Andrea Gabrielli, David G Beiser, Scott H McKnite, Ronald G Pirrallo, Jane Wigginton, Lance Becker, Terry Vanden Hoek, Wanchun Tang, Vinay M Nadkarni, John P Klein, Ahamed H Idris, and Keith G Lurie.
    • University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
    • Crit. Care Med. 2006 May 1;34(5):1444-9.

    ObjectiveTo compare cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with a compression to ventilation (C:V) ratio of 15:2 vs. 30:2, with and without use of an impedance threshold device (ITD).DesignProspective randomized animal and manikin study.SettingAnimal laboratory and emergency medical technician training facilities.SubjectsTwenty female pigs and 20 Basic Life Support (BLS)-certified rescuers.Interventions, Measurements, And Main ResultsAnimalsAcid-base status, cerebral, and cardiovascular hemodynamics were evaluated in 18 pigs in cardiac arrest randomized to a C:V ratio of 15:2 or 30:2. After 6 mins of cardiac arrest and 6 mins of CPR, an ITD was added. Compared to 15:2, 30:2 significantly increased diastolic blood pressure (20 +/- 1 to 26 +/- 1; p < .01); coronary perfusion pressure (18 +/- 1 to 25 +/- 2; p = .04); cerebral perfusion pressure (16 +/- 3 to 18 +/- 3; p = .07); common carotid blood flow (48 +/- 5 to 82 +/- 5 mL/min; p < .001); end-tidal CO2 (7.7 +/- 0.9 to 15.7 +/- 2.4; p < .0001); and mixed venous oxygen saturation (26 +/- 5 to 36 +/- 5, p < .05). Hemodynamics improved further with the ITD. Oxygenation and arterial pH were similar. Only one of nine pigs had return of spontaneous circulation with 15:2, vs. six of nine with 30:2 (p < 0.03). HUMANS: Fatigue and quality of CPR performance were evaluated in 20 BLS-certified rescuers randomized to perform CPR for 5 mins at 15:2 or 30:2 on a recording CPR manikin. There were no significant differences in the quality of CPR performance or measurement of fatigue. Significantly more compressions per minute were delivered with 30:2 in both the animal and human studies.ConclusionsThese data strongly support the contention that a ratio of 30:2 is superior to 15:2 during manual CPR and that the ITD further enhances circulation with both C:V ratios.

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