• Abhishek Agarwal, Rajendra Prasad, Rajiv Garg, S K Verma, Abhijeet Singh, and N Husain.
• Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2014 Oct 1;56(4):217-20.

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the role of medical thoracoscopy in patients with undiagnosed pleural effusion.MethodsPatiens presenting with pleural effusion underwent three pleural aspirations. Patients in whom pleural fluid analysis was inconclusive underwent closed pleural biopsy for diagnostic confirmation. Patients in whom closed pleural biopsy was incolcusive underwent medical thoracoscopy using a rigid thoracoscope with a viewing angle of zero degrees was done under local anaesthesia and sedation with the patient lying in lateral decubitus position with the affected side up. Biopsy specimens from parietal pleura were obtained under direct vision and were sent for histopathological examination.ResultsOf the 128 patients with pleural effusion who were studied, pleural fluid examination established the diagnosis in 81 (malignancy 33, tuberculosis 33, pyogenic 14 and fungal 1); 47 patients underwent closed pleural biopsy and a diagnosis was made in 28 patients (malignancy 24, tuberculosis 4). The remaining 19 patients underwent medical thoracoscopy and pleural biopsy and the aetiological diagnosis could be confirmed in 13 of the 19 patients (69%) (adenocarcinoma 10, poorly differentiated carcinoma 2 and mesothelioma 1).ConclusionMedical thoracoscopy is a useful tool for the diagnosis of pleural diseases. The procedure is safe with minimal complications.

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