• Eduardo Mekitarian Filho, Werther Brunow de Carvalho, and Eduardo Juan Troster.
• Instituto da Criança Professor Pedro de Alcântara da Universidade de São Paulo, S. Paulo, Brazil. emf2002@uol.com.br
• Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2009 Jul 1;55(4):475-83.

ObjectiveThis article focused on verifying if hyperglycemia in critically ill pediatric patients is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality and carried out a critical analysis of the articles in pediatrics and neonatology.MethodsA systematic review of literature was performed using Medline, Cochrane, Lilacs and Embase databases and references of articles. Articles written in Portuguese, English and Spanish were selected and the terms used in the search were hyperglycemia, intensive care units (pediatrics), hospitals, pediatrics and pediatric intensive care. Cohort studies, retrospective and prospective, were selected for analysis. The outcomes evaluated were mortality during pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) stay, mortality during hospital stay, length-of-stay in the PICU, mortality due to specific diseases, and risk of infection and time of mechanical ventilation.ResultsDuring the study period 79 articles related to hyperglycemia in critically ill pediatric patients were selected; 15 (19%) were cohort studies (2 prospective and 13 retrospective) that were analyzed separately.ConclusionAnalysis of these cohort studies supported the conclusion that hyperglycemia, isolated or persistent during stay in PICU, increases morbidity, mortality and length-of-stay in PICU of critically ill children. However, these studies disclosed methodological issues such as lack of protocols for glucose measurement, design (most of them retrospective cohorts) and many articles did not confirm hyperglycemia as a single predictor of morbidity and mortality in pediatrics; therefore further prospective studies are necessary.

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