• Per Aspenberg.
• Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Orthopaedics, Linköping, Sweden. Electronic address: per.aspenberg@liu.se.
• Injury. 2016 Jan 1; 47 Suppl 1: S28-30.

AbstractWhen stress fractures started to show up in the femurs of elderly ladies, it was soon evident that bisphosphonate use lay behind, and the absolute risk increase due to bisphosphonate use was reasonably well estimated already in 2008. Thereafter followed a period of confusion: the term atypical fracture was introduced, with a definition so vague that the true stress fractures tended to disappear in a cloud of ambiguity. This cast doubt on the association with bisphosphonates. The association was then re-established by large epidemiological studies based on radiographic adjudication. Atypical fractures are largely caused by bisphosphonates. With a correct indication, bisphosphonates prevent many more fractures than they cause, at least during the first years of use. With an incorrect indication they are likely to cause more harm than good. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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