• K Reinhart, T Menges, B Gardlund, J Harm Zwaveling, M Smithes, J L Vincent, J M Tellado, A Salgado-Remigio, R Zimlichman, S Withington, K Tschaikowsky, R Brase, P Damas, H Kupper, J Kempeni, J Eiselstein, and M Kaul.
• Department of Anesthesia and Operative Intensive Care, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
• Crit. Care Med. 2001 Apr 1;29(4):765-9.

ObjectiveThis study investigated whether treatment with the anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha monoclonal antibody afelimomab would improve survival in septic patients with serum interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations of >1000 pg/mL.DesignMulticenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.SettingEighty-four intensive care units in academic medical centers in Europe and Israel.PatientsA total of 944 septic patients were screened and stratified by the results of a rapid qualitative immunostrip test for serum IL-6 concentrations. Patients with a positive test kit result indicating IL-6 concentrations of >1000 pg/mL were randomized to receive either afelimomab (n = 224) or placebo (n = 222). Patients with a negative IL-6 test (n = 498) were not randomized and were followed up for 28 days.InterventionsTreatment consisted of 15-min infusions of 1 mg/kg afelimomab or matching placebo every 8 hrs for 3 days. Standard surgical and intensive care therapy was otherwise delivered.Measurements And Main ResultsThe study was terminated prematurely after an interim analysis estimated that the primary efficacy end points would not be met. The 28-day mortality rate in the nonrandomized patients (39.6%, 197 of 498) was significantly lower (p <.001) than that found in the randomized patients (55.8%, 249 of 446). The mortality rates in the IL-6 test kit positive patients randomized to afelimomab and placebo were similar, 54.0% (121 of 224) vs. 57.7% (128 of 222), respectively. Treatment with afelimomab was not associated with any particular adverse events.ConclusionsThe IL-6 immunostrip test identified two distinct sepsis populations with significantly different mortality rates. A small (3.7%) absolute reduction in mortality rate was found in the afelimomab-treated patients. The treatment difference did not reach statistical significance.

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