• Gwen M Grimsby, Sarah P Conley, Terrence L Trentman, Erik P Castle, Paul E Andrews, Laurie A Mihalik, Joseph G Hentz, and Mitchell R Humphreys.
• Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
• Mayo Clin. Proc. 2012 Nov 1;87(11):1089-97.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel, continuous intravenous infusion of ketorolac, a powerful nonopioid analgesic, for postoperative pain control.Patients And MethodsA prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a continuous infusion of ketorolac tromethamine in 1 L of normal saline vs placebo was performed in 135 patients aged 18 to 75 years after laparoscopic donor nephrectomy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy completed from October 7, 2008, through July 21, 2010. Primary study end points were the 24-hour differences in visual analog pain scores and total narcotic consumption, whereas secondary end points were differences in urine output, serum creatinine level, and hemoglobin level.ResultsThe study was stopped after randomization of 135 patients (68 in the ketorolac group and 67 in the placebo group) when interim analysis indicated that the difference in mean pain scores between the 2 groups (difference, 0.6) was smaller than the 1-point threshold set forth in the power calculations. No statistically significant change was noted in hemoglobin levels from preoperative to postoperative values (P=.13) or in postoperative serum creatinine levels (P=.13).ConclusionAlthough continuous infusion of ketorolac produced only a modest decrease in the use of narcotics, it appears to offer a safe therapeutic option for nonnarcotic pain control.Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifiers: NCT00765128 and NCT00765232.Copyright © 2012 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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