• Lettie C K Leung, Daniel K Ng, Michael W Lau, Chung-Hong Chan, Ka-Li Kwok, Pok-Yu Chow, and Josephine M Y Cheung.
• Department of Pediatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Waterloo Rd, Hong Kong SAR, China.
• Chest. 2006 Oct 1;130(4):1009-17.

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a known risk factor for hypertension in adults. This relationship is less clear in childhood OSAS.ObjectiveThis study examined the relationship between OSAS and 24-h ambulatory BP (ABP), a more accurate assessment than casual BP, in children with snoring.MethodsSnoring children aged 6 to 15 years who underwent polysomnography in the sleep laboratory were recruited.MeasurementTwenty-four-hour ABP monitoring was initiated a few hours before polysomnography. The children were classified into two groups: a high apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) group (obstructive AHI > 5/h), and a low-AHI group (AHI < or = 5/h). Mean sleep, wake, and 24-h systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were recorded. A child was considered a "nondipper" if his or her mean SBP and DBP did not decrease by >/= 10% during sleep.ResultsNinety-six children (mean age +/- SD, 9.4 +/- 2.8 years) were recruited. Forty-one children were obese. When awake, the high-AHI group children had a significantly higher SBP. When asleep, both SBP and DBP were higher in the high-AHI group. Age, body mass index (BMI) z score, and desaturation index (DI) were significant predictors for elevated sleep DBP. BMI z score was the only significant predictor for wake and sleep SBP. Sixteen children (17%) had hypertension, and all were nondippers. Obese children in the high-AHI group had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension than obese children in the low-AHI group. This relationship was not found in nonobese children.ConclusionThe current study shows that increased DI contributed to the elevation of sleep DBP elevation.

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