• Josette Raymond, Patrice Nordmann, Catherine Doit, Hoang Vu Thien, Michèle Guibert, Agnès Ferroni, and Yannick Aujard.
• Service de Bactériologie, Hôpital Cochin-Saint Vincent de Paul, 27 rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris Cedex 14, France. j.raymond@svp.ap-hop-paris.fr
• Pediatrics. 2007 Apr 1;119(4):e798-803.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in hospitalized children.MethodsThis multicenter study was conducted in 5 hospitals in the Paris area from 1999 to 2003. We recorded all isolations of multidrug-resistant bacteria from clinical samples that were obtained from hospitalized children. Strains that were isolated during systematic screening for carriers were excluded.ResultsThe mean incidences were 0.9 per 1000 hospitalization-days for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 0.45 for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0.32 for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae other than Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0.40 for Enterobacter species with derepressed cephalosporinase, and 0.01 for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. The incidences per 1000 hospitalization-days of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae other than Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter species with derepressed cephalosporinase decreased significantly from 1999 to 2003, whereas the incidence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus remained very low. The proportion of resistant strains within the species did not vary significantly for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (11% to 9.6%), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae other than Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.1%), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (0.03% to 0.023%). In contrast, the frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae decreased from 31.6% to 7.4%, and that of Enterobacter species with derepressed cephalosporinase decreased from 38.8% to 18.5%.ConclusionsWe report significant decreases in the incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae other than Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter species with derepressed cephalosporinase in hospitalized children during a 5-year period.

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