• Eiji Harada, Hirofumi Tokuoka, Shinji Fujikoshi, Jumpei Funai, Madelaine M Wohlreich, Michael H Ossipov, and Nakao Iwata.
• aMedical Science, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kobe, Hyogo, JapanbStatistical Science, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kobe, Hyogo, JapancScience Communications, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kobe, Hyogo, JapandGlobal Neuroscience, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USAeinVentiv Health Clinical, LLC, Ann Arbor, MI, USAfDepartment of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
• Pain. 2016 Mar 1; 157 (3): 577-84.

AbstractIn treating Major Depressive Disorder with associated painful physical symptoms (PPS), the effect of duloxetine on PPS has been shown to decompose into a direct effect on PPS and an indirect effect on PPS via depressive symptoms (DS) improvement. To evaluate the changes in relative contributions of the direct and indirect effects over time, we analyzed pooled data from 3 randomized double-blind studies comparing duloxetine 60 mg/d with placebo in patients with major depressive disorder and PPS. Changes from baseline in Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale total and Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form average pain score were assessed over 8 weeks. Path analysis examined the (1) direct effect of treatment on PPS and/or indirect effect on PPS via DS improvement and (2) direct effect of treatment on DS and/or indirect effect on DS via PPS improvement. At week 1, the direct effect of duloxetine on PPS (75.3%) was greater than the indirect effect through DS improvement (24.7%) but became less (22.6%) than the indirect effect (77.4%) by week 8. Initially, the direct effect of duloxetine on PPS was markedly greater than its indirect effect, whereas later the indirect effect predominated. Conversely, at week 1, the direct effect of treatment on DS (46.4%) was less than the indirect effect (53.6%), and by week 8 it superseded (62.6%) the indirect effect (37.4%). Thus, duloxetine would relieve PPS directly in the initial phase and indirectly via improving DS in the later phase.

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