• Mustafa Aziz Hatiboglu, Jeffrey S Weinberg, Dima Suki, Ganesh Rao, Sujit S Prabhu, Komal Shah, Ed Jackson, and Raymond Sawaya.
• Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
• Neurosurgery. 2009 Jun 1; 64 (6): 1073-81; discussion 1081.

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) on the decision to proceed with additional glioma resection during surgery and to maximize extent of resection (EOR).MethodsPatients who underwent craniotomy for glioma resection with high-field iMRI guidance were prospectively evaluated between September 2006 and August 2007. Volumetric analysis and EOR were assessed with iMRI, using postcontrast T1-weighted images for tumors showing contrast enhancement and T2-weighted images for nonenhancing tumors.ResultsForty-six patients underwent resection using iMRI guidance, with iMRI being used to evaluate the EOR in 44 patients and for reregistration in 2 patients. Surgery was terminated after iMRI in 23 patients (52%) because gross total resection was achieved or because of residual tumor infiltration in an eloquent brain region. Twenty-one patients (47%) underwent additional resection of residual tumor after iMRI. For enhancing gliomas, the median EOR increased significantly from 84% (range, 59%-97%) to 99% (range, 85%-100%) with additional tumor removal after iMRI (P < 0.001). For nonenhancing gliomas, the median EOR increased (from 63% to 80%) with additional tumor removal after iMRI, but not significantly, owing to the small sample size (7 patients). Overall, the EOR increased from 76% (range, 35%-97%) to 96% (range, 48%-100%) (P < 0.001). Gross total resection was achieved after additional tumor removal after iMRI in 15 of 21 patients (71%). Overall, 29 patients (65%) experienced gross total resection, and in 15 (52%), this was achieved with the contribution of iMRI.ConclusionHigh-field iMRI is a safe and reliable technique, and its use optimizes the extent of glioma resection.

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