• Hyun-Chang Kim, Jun-Yeol Bae, Tae Kyong Kim, Yunseok Jeon, Jeong Jin Min, Eui-Kyoung Goo, and Deok Man Hong.
• Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Keimyung University, School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
• J. Int. Med. Res. 2016 Feb 1; 44 (1): 42-53.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of intrathecal morphine (ITM) for postoperative pain control in patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing open nephrectomy.MethodsForty-five patients scheduled for open nephrectomy were randomised to receive 300 µg ITM and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV-PCA) (n = 22) or IV-PCA alone (n = 23) for postoperative analgesia. The numeric pain score (NPS), postoperative IV-PCA requirements and opioid-related complications including nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, and pruritus were compared between groups.ResultsNPS was significantly lower in the ITM group up to 24 h postoperatively. Upon coughing, NPS at 24 h postoperatively was 50 (interquartile range (IQR) 30-60) in the ITM group and 60 (45-70) in the IV-PCA group. Cumulative morphine consumption at 72 h postoperatively was significantly lower in the ITM group compared with the IV-PCA group (20 (9-33) mg vs. 31 (21-49) mg, respectively). Opioid-related complications were similar in both groups with the exception of pruritus (ITM, 77% vs. IV-PCA, 26%).ConclusionsITM was associated with greater analgesia without serious complications in patients undergoing open nephrectomy.© The Author(s) 2015.

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